What challenges do OPFOR encounter when simulating near-peer adversaries?

Simulating near-peer adversaries presents unique challenges for OPFOR, particularly in terms of the complexity of tactics and technology disparities. Near-peer adversaries often utilize sophisticated and dynamic strategies that reflect modern warfare's realities, incorporating advanced technologies such as cyber warfare capabilities, drones, and precision-guided munitions. This complexity requires OPFOR to not only understand but also replicate a wide range of tactical approaches that these adversaries might employ in a conflict scenario.

Additionally, OPFOR must continuously adapt to the evolving nature of these adversaries, which can include changes in tactics due to technological advancements or shifts in combat doctrine. The effort to effectively simulate the behavior, decision-making processes, and capabilities of near-peer adversaries demands significant research, training, and resources. This complexity is a driving factor in ensuring that training exercises remain realistic and applicable for troops preparing for potential engagements with such foes.

The other options, while they may represent challenges in different contexts, do not encapsulate the primary obstacle of accurately simulating the multi-faceted nature of near-peer threats.